- Difficulty
- Challenging
- Suggested time
- 6 min
- Marks
- 3
Functions of two variables and partial derivatives practice question 11
Let . Find , the derivative in of , and check it against .
The subscripts set the order: means differentiate in first, then differentiate that result in . Which rule does each stage need?
First by the chain rule. Now differentiate that in , holding fixed: it is a quotient.
In the quotient rule the numerator simplifies to . For the check, .
A fraction, or a decimal to four places.
Theory UBC Math 100 §15.2Key results
Worked solution
Strategy
Differentiate in x first, then differentiate the result in y. Clairaut’s theorem says the other order gives the same answer, which makes a good check.
Working
Chain rule on log: the derivative of the inside over the inside, with y held fixed.
Quotient rule in y with x fixed: the top has y-derivative 1 and the bottom has y-derivative x.
Substitute x = 2 and y = 1.
The other order gives the same expression, as Clairaut’s theorem promises.
Answer
The answer is negative 3/49, about −0.0612, in either order.
Check
With x = 2, f_x = (4 + y)/(5 + 2y) slips from 5/7 ≈ 0.7143 to about 0.7137 as y goes from 1 to 1.01, a slope near −0.06.
Where this goes wrong
Differentiating f_x in x a second time, which gives f_xx(2, 1) = −11/49. The subscripts give the order: f_xy is f_x differentiated in y.
Leans on
Differentiating a logarithm, from The chain rule and logarithms
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