- Difficulty
- Standard
- Suggested time
- 4 min
- Marks
- 3
Functions of two variables and partial derivatives practice question 7
A firm’s output is units, where is units of capital and is units of labour. It now uses and . Which statement correctly gives and interprets the marginal product of labour, , there?
Test each choice on two counts: its number, which should be at , and its reading, which says which input changes and which stays fixed.
Hold fixed and use the power rule on : .
and . Then read the result as a rate: extra output per extra unit of labour, with capital unchanged.
Theory UBC Math 100 §15.1Key results
Worked solution
Strategy
The marginal product of labour is the partial derivative of output with respect to labour, capital held fixed. Compute it at (16, 81), then read it as extra output per extra unit of labour.
Working
K to the power 1/4 is a constant factor; the power rule acts on L to the power 3/4.
Fourth roots: 2⁴ = 16 and 3⁴ = 81.
With capital held at 16, output rises at 6 units per unit of labour, so one more unit of labour adds about 6 units of output.
Answer
The answer is The marginal product of labour is 6: with capital held at 16, one more unit of labour adds about 6 units of output..
Check
Raising labour from 81 to 82 with capital at 16 lifts output from 648 to about 653.99, a gain of about 6 units.
Where this goes wrong
Confusing the marginal product with the average product. Q/L = 648/81 = 8 is output per unit of labour so far; ∂Q/∂L = 6 is what the next unit of labour adds.
Leans on
The power rule with fractional exponents, from Differentiation rules
Saved in this browser only.