- Difficulty
- Challenging
- Suggested time
- 7 min
- Marks
- 4
Functions of two variables and partial derivatives practice question 12
The equation defines as a function of and near the point . Find at that point.
Here is not given by a formula; the equation ties it to and . Which technique handles that, and which variable stays fixed while you differentiate in ?
Differentiate both sides in , holding fixed and treating as a function of and : every term containing produces a factor .
You should get . Substitute , then solve.
A fraction, or a decimal to three places.
Theory UBC Math 100 §15.1Key results
Worked solution
Strategy
This is implicit differentiation with y held constant. Differentiate the equation in x, collect the ∂z/∂x terms, and solve.
Working
Product rule on x²z, chain rule on z³ (y is a constant factor), and xy differentiates to y.
Collect the ∂z/∂x terms on one side and divide.
Substitute x = 2, y = 1 and z = 1. The point is on the surface: 4 + 1 + 2 = 7.
Answer
The answer is negative 5/7, about −0.714.
Check
Raising x to 2.01 with y = 1 forces z down to about 0.9929 to keep the total at 7, a slope near −0.71.
Where this goes wrong
Forgetting that z depends on x, so that a term such as yz³ is differentiated as if it were constant. Every term containing z picks up a factor ∂z/∂x, just as y picks up dy/dx in implicit differentiation.
Leans on
Implicit differentiation, from Implicit differentiation and inverse trigonometric functions
Saved in this browser only.